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Proteins, explained simply.

Proteins are folded chains of amino acids that the body uses as tools, structures, messengers, and working parts.

If amino acids are individual building pieces, a protein is a completed working structure made from many of them. The order of the amino acids and the way the chain folds help determine the protein's job.

Proteins are involved in muscle and tissue structure, transport, immune defense, cell communication, and countless other processes. Many enzymes, antibodies, hormones, and growth factors are proteins, which is one reason the categories in this library can overlap.

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Categories can overlap. Each individual entry explains what the subject is, what evidence applies, and what remains uncertain.

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Understand the category, then evaluate the individual subject.

Being a peptide, hormone, vitamin, or protein does not prove that something is effective, safe, approved, or suitable for a person.

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